by felix dakat » Thu Nov 08, 2012 4:27 am
Plato thought human soul is part of eternal realm of unchangeable reality, distinct from physical world including human body that becomes and perishes and “never really is.” Christians influenced by Plato taught physical world including our own bodies exists only to serve God’s purpose of saving or damning human souls and world as we know it will pass away, while our eternal souls remain.
In view of early modern natural philosophers like Descartes, Bacon, and Newton, everything else in world but human soul is composed of atoms like tiny billiard balls moving in void, totally determined by natural law, while human soul is supernatural and free of laws. Thus, what looks to us as thoroughly secular science was originally part of effort to separate human souls from natural world to provide support for traditional Christian belief in supernatural nature and immortality of soul. In world of early modern science, human beings were sometimes seen as only ones in world having any experience at all. God and angels and devils had experience, too; but, in world of nature, nothing had experience because physical world was built of atoms that were simply very tiny pieces of matter that were lifeless and totally devoid of experience. Hence, nothing made of them could have experience either. Since our own bodies were believed to be composed of atoms, there was no way to explain how even our bodies could have any experience. It was only supernatural, divinely created human souls that could have experience in this otherwise mechanical, barren, atoms-in-the-void, non-experiencing natural world. Human souls, they believed, are not part of natural world.
Thus did modern world become disenchanted. Despite the fact that the higher mammals were manifestly as conscious of pleasure and pain as other humans save that they do not share our language, they were viewed as purely mechanical clockwork. How convenient this was for vivisection and the tortures of agricultural-industrial complex. If we recognize the consciousness of an actual entity, we are ipso facto burdened with responsibility to it.
The purpose of my life would seem to be to express the truth as I discover it, but in such a manner that it is completely devoid of authority. By having no authority, by being seen by all as utterly unreliable, I express the truth and put everyone in a contradictory position where they can only save themselves by making the truth their own.
Soren Kierkegaard– Journals, 432