But what is the cause of evolution?
I would like, very much, to hear you answer your own question James.
"What is the cause of evolution James?"
Moderator: Flannel Jesus
But what is the cause of evolution?
A Shieldmaiden wrote:JSS wrote:But what is the cause of evolution?
I would like, very much, to hear you answer your own question James.
"What is the cause of evolution James?"
Peter Kropotkin wrote:K: I don't in any way shape or form "worship" evolution....
Peter Kropotkin wrote:it is not the "cause of life".... and
evolution doesn't even say how life got started...
Peter Kropotkin wrote:that part is unknown and most
likely will stay unknown...
Peter Kropotkin wrote:using Ockham's razor, evolution makes
the best sense of all the theories of how we got here....
Kropotkin
Peter Kropotkin wrote:we have evidence for evolution and no, zero evidence for
god....
Xunzian wrote:I mean, we can prove evolution ...
That's easy..
The thing that they called "God".
.. which is why this discussion has been so ridiculous.
James S Saint wrote: You have speculation of Evolution and zero evidence for the lack of God.
Ecmandu wrote:
In order for a new species of bacteria to arrive, it has to not be able to exchange genetic information at all with another species.
So, humunculus, you were wrong to state that we can't prove evolution through bacteria.
humunculus wrote:Ecmandu wrote:
In order for a new species of bacteria to arrive, it has to not be able to exchange genetic information at all with another species.
Where did you get this obsession? What made you think it defines or limits the concept of evolution?So, humunculus, you were wrong to state that we can't prove evolution through bacteria.
I didn't say that. Evolution is demonstrated in bacterial cultures, routinely, every day. It's not international news (!!!)
What they won't demonstrate is your idee fixe about speciation.
I said you can't get them to mate.
Ingesting fragments of chromosome from other bacterial strains in the same culture medium can also be construed as modifying the species, and thus evolving.
What they will not do, for you or anyone else, is reproduce sexually to recombine their DNA.
Ecmandu wrote:humunculus wrote:Ecmandu wrote:
In order for a new species of bacteria to arrive, it has to not be able to exchange genetic information at all with another species.
Where did you get this obsession? What made you think it defines or limits the concept of evolution?So, humunculus, you were wrong to state that we can't prove evolution through bacteria.
I didn't say that. Evolution is demonstrated in bacterial cultures, routinely, every day. It's not international news (!!!)
What they won't demonstrate is your idee fixe about speciation.
I said you can't get them to mate.
Ingesting fragments of chromosome from other bacterial strains in the same culture medium can also be construed as modifying the species, and thus evolving.
What they will not do, for you or anyone else, is reproduce sexually to recombine their DNA.
Ecmandu wrote:Peter, the book itself is called "origin of species"
It's not called, "the reason children don't look exactly the same as their parents, parents they could reproduce with"
If you really think, like humunculus, that any change through generations is "origin of species", you are defining species as adaptation ...
Does it ever occur to you that Darwin himself jumped to conclusions ?
Ecmandu wrote:Natural selection - I don't disagree with
Speciation, which is really the whole point of Darwin's book - has never been observed
Kriswest wrote:According to different science sites that I just read, evolution is the process and speciation is the end results. (That is the simplified version of what I read.)
Kriswest wrote:According to different science sites that I just read, evolution is the process and speciation is the end results. (That is the simplified version of what I read.)
Ecmandu wrote:Evolution (not growth, not adaptation) is SOLELY defined by speciation.
"Origin of SPECIES". Remember???
Chapter I - Variation under Domestication.
Causes of Variability—Effects of Habit—Correlation of Growth—Inheritance—Character of Domestic Varieties—Difficulty of distinguishing between Varieties and Species—Origin of Domestic Varieties from one or more Species—Domestic Pigeons, their Differences and Origin—Principle of Selection anciently followed, its Effects—Methodical and Unconscious Selection—Unknown Origin of our Domestic Productions—Circumstances favourable to Man's power of Selection7–43
CHAPTER II. -Variation under Nature.
Variability—Individual Differences—Doubtful species—Wide ranging, much diffused, and common species vary most—Species of the larger genera in any country vary more than the species of the smaller genera—Many of the species of the larger genera resemble varieties in being very closely, but unequally, related to each other, and in having restricted ranges 44–59
CHAPTER III. -Struggle for Existence.
Bears on natural selection—The term used in a wide sense—Geometrical powers of increase—Rapid increase of naturalised animals and plants—Nature of the checks to increase—Competition universal—Effects of climate—Protection from the number of individuals—Complex relations of all animals and plants throughout nature—Struggle for life most severe between individuals and varieties of the same species; often severe between species of the same genus—The relation of organism to organism the most important of all relations Page 60–79
CHAPTER IV. - Natural Selection.
Natural Selection—its power compared with man's selection—its power on characters of trifling importance—its power at all ages and on both sexes—Sexual Selection—On the generality of intercrosses between individuals of the same species—Circumstances favourable and unfavourable to Natural Selection, namely, intercrossing, isolation, number of individuals—Slow action—Extinction caused by Natural Selection—Divergence of Character, related to the diversity of inhabitants of any small area, and to naturalisation—Action of Natural Selection, through Divergence of Character and Extinction, on the descendants from a common parent—Explains the Grouping of all organic beings 80–130
CHAPTER V. - Laws of Variation.
Effects of external conditions—Use and disuse, combined with natural selection; organs of flight and of vision—Acclimatisation—Correlation of growth—Compensation and economy of growth—False correlations—Multiple, rudimentary, and lowly organised structures variable—Parts developed in an unusual manner are highly variable: specific characters more variable than generic: secondary sexual characters variable—Species of the same genus vary in an analogous manner—Reversions to long-lost characters—Summary 131–170
CHAPTER VI. - Difficulties on Theory.
Difficulties on the theory of descent with modification—Transitions—Absence or rarity of transitional varieties—Transitions in habits of life—Diversified habits in the same species—Species with habits widely different from those of their allies—Organs of extreme perfection—Means of transition—Cases of difficulty—Natura non facit saltum—Organs of small importance—Organs not in all cases absolutely perfect—The law of Unity of Type and of the Conditions of Existence embraced by the theory of Natural Selection Page 171–206
CHAPTER VII. - Instinct.
Instincts comparable with habits, but different in their origin—Instincts graduated—Aphides and ants—Instincts variable—Domestic instincts, their origin—Natural instincts of the cuckoo, ostrich, and parasitic bees—Slave-making ants—Hive-bee, its cell-making instinct—Difficulties on the theory of the Natural Selection of instincts—Neuter or sterile insects—Summary 207–244
CHAPTER VIII. - Hybridism.
Distinction between the sterility of first crosses and of hybrids—Sterility various in degree, not universal, affected by close interbreeding, removed by domestication—Laws governing the sterility of hybrids—Sterility not a special endowment, but incidental on other differences—Causes of the sterility of first crosses and of hybrids—Parallelism between the effects of changed conditions of life and crossing—Fertility of varieties when crossed and of their mongrel offspring not universal—Hybrids and mongrels compared independently of their fertility—Summary 245–278
CHAPTER IX. -On the Imperfection of the Geological Record.
On the absence of intermediate varieties at the present day—On the nature of extinct intermediate varieties; on their number—On the vast lapse of time, as inferred from the rate of deposition and of denudation—On the poorness of our palæontological collections—On the intermittence of geological formations—On the absence of intermediate varieties in any one formation—On the sudden appearance of groups of species—On their sudden appearance in the lowest known fossiliferous strata Page 279–311
CHAPTER X. - On the Geological Succession of Organic Beings.
On the slow and successive appearance of new species—On their different rates of change—Species once lost do not reappear—Groups of species follow the same general rules in their appearance and disappearance as do single species—On Extinction—On simultaneous changes in the forms of life throughout the world—On the affinities of extinct species to each other and to living species—On the state of development of ancient forms—On the succession of the same types within the same areas—Summary of preceding and present chapters 312–345
CHAPTER XI. - Geographical Distribution.
Present distribution cannot be accounted for by differences in physical conditions—Importance of barriers—Affinity of the productions of the same continent—Centres of creation—Means of dispersal, by changes of climate and of the level of the land, and by occasional means—Dispersal during the Glacial period co-extensive with the world 346–382
CHAPTER XII. - Geographical Distribution—continued.
Distribution of fresh-water productions—On the inhabitants of oceanic islands—Absence of Batrachians and of terrestrial Mammals—On the relation of the inhabitants of islands to those of the nearest mainland—On colonisation from the nearest source with subsequent modification—Summary of the last and present chapters Page 383–410
CHAPTER XIII. - Mutual Affinities of Organic Beings: Morphology: Embryology: Rudimentary Organs.
Classification, groups subordinate to groups—Natural system—Rules and difficulties in classification, explained on the theory of descent with modification—Classification of varieties—Descent always used in classification—Analogical or adaptive characters—Affinities, general, complex and radiating—Extinction separates and defines groups—Morphology, between members of the same class, between parts of the same individual—Embryology, laws of, explained by variations not supervening at an early age, and being inherited at a corresponding age—Rudimentary Organs; their origin explained—Summary 411–458
CHAPTER XIV. - Recapitulation and Conclusion.
Recapitulation of the difficulties on the theory of Natural Selection—Recapitulation of the general and special circumstances in its favour—Causes of the general belief in the immutability of species—How far the theory of natural selection may be extended—Effects of its adoption on the study of Natural history—Concluding remarks 459–490
In order for bacteria to speciate, new bacterium have to only be able to exchange DNA with each other, and no other bacterium on earth.
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