If you want to try to simplify it, basically modern, western medicine takes a very YANG approach to health: technical, reductive, top-down, unnatural and invasive, whereas traditional medicine took a more intuitive, holistic, grassroots, natural and gentle yin, approach.
With yang, the body, disease and nature are the problem, with yin, our behavior is.
In the early 20th century, there were at least four schools of medical thought that were held in high regard by both academia and the public, but gradually it was narrowed down to just one: allopathy.
The others are still there, and probably always will be in one form or another, they have their own universities, literature, doctors and so on, but they’re considered supplementary at best and of course quackery at worst.
The state, academia and much of the public don’t consider them fully legitimate, but nonetheless there is a growing market for them and they’re making a bit of a comeback.
If you have a disease, the yang approach is to, well, attack it, supress its symptoms or force you body to do what you want it to do against its inclinations with drugs, fry it with radiation, dump toxic chemicals onto it and hope they don’t poison the rest of the body too much, surgically remove it, etcetera.
The yin approach then is to nourish and detoxify the body, to work with its natural processes.
It’s the same with the brain/mind, the yang approach is outside-in, to open up the skull and rearrange the parts of the brain as if it had parts to begin with like a machine or computer, instead of being what it is, a continuum.
Now in all fairness again the yang approach isn’t all bad, the trouble is our civilization ran away with it, we equated invasiveness with reason itself, when really it’s just a style, a way of doing things, and like any way there’s an equal and opposing, or complementary way, but really it’s 3 dimensional, we can break these overarching ways apart and recombine them to form new ways, or look for principles well outside them.
In politics we’ve at least recognized two ways of doings things, which’s of course quite limited, but still better than one, but unfortunately in the medical world allopathy has a monopoly.