You’re using JTB as if it is a specific epistemological position. It is more a way of defining knowledge at the meta-level. Different people will have different ideas about what constitutes good justification, sufficient justification, etc.
Empirically possible. What has been considered in science as empirically possible has shifted over time.
In science, for example, it was considered either not possible or unknowable if animals were conscious, had cognitive processes etc. In fact it would fuck up your career to say otherwise. All along ordinary people knew animals has consciousness and science has let go of its bias and confusion on this point.
There are paradigmatic shifts inside science. Empirically possible is very much an unusable term. One can say that something does not seem to fit with current models, but given what was considered not possible within the history of science and then turned out to be possible, your term is useless, though the thinking behind it is unfortunately quite common, even within science where they should know better.
I am aware of the point you are making, i.e. completeness.
I have spent years researching on Buddhism and strive to have a complete coverage of the whole subject of Buddhism.
The main schools of Buddhism are Theravada, Mahayanna and Vajrayana surrounding by its respective sects to extreme cults. In addition the above are also different in different locations and group of people. I have read all the main sutras of the 3 main schools of Buddhism.
In my folder ‘Buddhism’ I have 3000+ files in 284 folders where I strive to cover and be as complete as possible on the subject of Buddhism.
If you can show any thing of what I have not covered, then I will read it up.
Regardless of whatever the variations and forms, what hold for Buddhism are its core principles. e.g. impermanence, anatta, dependent origination, and others.
The above is my interpretation of what I have read from the Dalai Lama’s books.
There is no way the Dalai Lama as a high ranked Buddhist will believe in an independent soul that transmigrates to another new body.
From what I read, I don’t think the Dalai Lama personally believe in his school’s practice of finding the next Dalai Lama via the concept of remnants of vibrations appearing in another child. This is merely a cultural practice to retain continuity*. This is why the current Dalai Lama mentioned he could the last Dalai Lama of his school and ‘he’ will not reappear in another child.
In Japanese Buddhism, continuity is maintained by passing the chief’s baton to the son.
I am from the East and English is not my second language, thus my grammar competence is not habituated.
Note you claimed,
“Feeling good may, as I continue to emphasize, may only be the indication that everything is working properly.”
I am giving you the exceptions, i.e. feeling good do not necessary indicate that everything is working properly.
What is wrong with that when I have given you the evidences?
My thesis is this;
All humans has an inherent potential to suffer terrible existential brain pains.
The majority suffer those pains mainly subliminally and also explicit.
Being human, people are driven to seek solutions.
The brain creates religions [God & no-god] as a solution to relieve those existential brain pains.
God is conjured by theists as a basis for their religion to relieve the brain pains.
It is not that God pre-existed and therefore humans rushed to believe in it.
It is because humans are predisposed to suffer an unavoidable existential pains.
Therefore humans strived and their brain create religions which produce feel good juices to relieve those existential pains.
Nope I have not created my own version of Buddhism.
My concept of true Buddhism is abstracted from those propounded by the various ‘PhD’ level Buddhist teachings and their teachers. I agree with their views which is in alignment with the core principles of Buddhism as introduced by the Buddha.
If you do a survey, you will note the majority of lay-Buddhists everywhere pray and idolize the statues of the Buddha, the larger the better, pray with joss-sticks, made offerings to the statues, etc. Some monks practice asceticism. The above are not recommended [but not prohibited] by the Buddha.
As such many Buddhists [lay and even monks] believe in many views that are not JTB which are not acceptable within Buddhism-proper.
Btw, no one is complaining on this within the Buddhist community, but those in the know, hope these Buddhists will progress from the current base. Some did progress and some don’t.
Will the Pope say something like;
“If scientific analysis were conclusively to demonstrate certain claims in Christianity to be false, then we must accept the findings of science and abandon those claims.”
Then we will have a large number of non-theists [especially] challenging the Pope on the claims in Genesis and all over the Bible with Scientific references and the Pope then will have to eat his words.
Point is the Pope and other theistic religious leaders will not dare to make the declaration like what the Dalai Lama did because they know their doctrines [faith based] are very flimsy. So why invite trouble for the religion.
Nope I did not claim the OP is the only or main basis hypothesis about the origin’s of religion.
The main hypothesis as I have stated within this thread is the existential psychological factors. This is a very complex issue.
Note my main reason for the critique of theism is led from real experiences and evidence, e.g. this stats restricted to incidents that involve death;
There are loads of other evil acts committed by SOME [significant quantum potential of >300 million] theists who are evil prone.
Personally I am [all almost every human is] seriously effected by the terrors spread by these ‘SOME’ theists.
As a concerned citizen of humanity, I have to find and contribute views of solutions to the above for the sake of humanity in the future [as impossible for immediate effective solution at present].
Theists are very selfish in clinging to theism for their own psychological security and comfort thus compelled to turning a blind eye to research and understand the evils related to theism are from theism itself.
He won’t eat anything. The Catholic Church has never interpreted scriptures literally. There are no scientific claims in Genesis to argue about.
All over the Bible? Like what? That the Earth is flat? That the sun revolves around Earth?
Note the only way for scientific knowledge to be JTB is to justify it within the Scientific Framework and System, i.e. especially Scientific Method, peer review, etc. There is no other way for a scientist to justify any scientific hypothesis as a scientific theory.
Thus for Buddhism one of its justification can be borrowed from scientific knowledge together with its own philosophical rationalization.
Empirically possible is a principle that is not expected change with time as far as science is concern.
Empirically possible meant whatever the scientific hypothesis or speculation, it must have empirical elements only.
If I say, “it is empirically possible for science to confirm there is a tea pot orbiting a planet some light years away in the Universe”
that is a valid scientific speculation [not hypothesis].
This is definitely empirically possible because all the specific elements individually within the speculation are empirical. This can be confirm when the possible empirical evidence for justifications.
However, any normal person will know the empirical possibility of the above at present is very very slim, perhaps 0.0000001%.
If I use ‘squared-circle’ then the whole statement is not empirically possible at all because a ‘squared-circle’ is an empirically impossible.
Once again you are asking me to believe your or your professors’ fable about a brain function. You will not admit that there is more than one way of interpreting the function or that there are numerous claims about the origin of religion or the falsification of scientific theory. Or if you do, you fail to see how such claims can question the basic mantra you claim as absolute truths. The fault is in the focus.
This sentence is really confused. IF it is scientific knowledge, then it has been justified within that system. So you are being redundant. Another sloppiness is you are using the term JTB which is from philosophy as if it is used in science AND as if it is one thing. It is not used by scientists, the term is not, AND it is not one thing. JTB is a suggestion for how one conceives of knowledge. It is not a methodology, it is not a set of specific criteria. It is an idea inside philosophy and philosophical discussions about how one can and some believe should think about knowledge. Since JTB does not specfic what kind of justification, we know that we are a high level of abstraction. It is not something to be confused with the scientific method, though the scientific method could be argued to be a kind of JTB. The problem with saying that the scientific method is JTB is that science is wary of using T (truth).
But it has changed. I also think it is a poor phrase and you should define it. Generally empirically either means through experience or experiment. Of course this changes over time. We may experience things and have, in science, and also outside, that were not experiences before. Technological advances increase what can be experimented and what can be experienced. So with any common use of the word empirically you are demonstrably incorrect here.
hypothesis or speculation? That, even in science, can be ANYTHING AT ALL.
Right, and since we now know there are ‘things’ confirmed by science that we did not know earlier in time, empirically possible changes.
A square is not empirically possible since it is made up of two dimensional components. It is a non-existent abstraction. I get what you are trying to say but it shows you are confusing two realms 1) math and the empirical world 2) particles that are also waves should have been self contradictory, but it turns out their are not. Particles - like a single electron, can interfere with themselves as if they are waves. The wave particle duality WAS TREATED JUST LIKE YOU ARE SAYING SQUARING THE CIRCLE WAS, until experimentation, the slit experiments, showed it was not only possible it was the case.
So your example here 1) shows me you don’t really get what empirical means since you bring in squared circle which is abstractions has to do with deduction not empirical research, but further you seem to have no idea that things that scientific models would have once ruled out as self-contradictory HAVE TURNED OUT TO BE THE CASE.
You have a non-historical view of science and this leads to all sorts of confusions.
Yup, you have. You have repeated it over and over in threads all over the place.
Suddenly you say this.
[b][i][u]
[/u][/i][/b] And here you say it again. Again you repeat this hypothesis despite just having been show other hypotheses held within the scientific community.
Note Philosophy as a meta view overrides Science. This is why we have the Philosophy of Science where one uses Philosophy to reinforce scientific knowledge and understanding its nature and limits.
Philosophically, scientific theories are justified true knowledge [JTB] as qualified within the Scientific Framework and System.
Philosophically, a judgement on a person as murderer is justified true knowledge as qualified within the particular judiciary Framework and System of a country.
But it has changed. I also think it is a poor phrase and you should define it. Generally empirically either means through experience or experiment. Of course this changes over time. We may experience things and have, in science, and also outside, that were not experiences before. Technological advances increase what can be experimented and what can be experienced. So with any common use of the word empirically you are demonstrably incorrect here.
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I don’t see where I am wrong in my use of the term ‘empirical’
Empirical = based on, concerned with, or verifiable by observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic.
Yes, it can be anything but only if can be verifiable by observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic.
Note empirically possible meant it is possible to be verifiable by observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic.
Note again,
Empirical = based on, concerned with, or verifiable by observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic.
I did not confine the concept of square to abstraction.
A square box is an empirically possible.
A square-circle is not empirical because it is based on theory [pure reason] and pure logic or logically contradictory, not because it is a two dimensional contradiction.
Related to the above my point is;
An idea of God is not empirical [thus empirically impossible] because it is based on theory [pure reason] and pure logic or logically contradictory,
“Theists are very selfish in clinging to theism…” is a new perspective to the point.
Sounds like I MUST learn from you?
This is like a tennis game, if you return the ball, I will continue to return it to your side of the court.
It is your discretion not to return the ball and this game automatically stops.
None of the four points of your thesis can stand alone. Each requires additional considerations. Most of those have already been brought to your attention by Phyllo and Karpel Tunnel. I need not repeat them. When confronted with opposition you tweak or fudge your statements so that they fit your changing ideas. They do not confront realistic opposition, which is why folks find it difficult to hold a debate with you. Do you have a final fix on what you would offer here? Statement 4. is a supposition, not a fact. This makes 1. through 3. questionable as relating to each other in a connection for proof for 4.
Religions that speak of our love and acceptance of each other are not based on negatives such as existential angst. Some are based on a belief that altruism is as much of an incentive for religious feelings as are fear and dread. IMHO, a religion that is based on negatives will produce negative results.
From an evolutionary POV, one either believes in the teleology behind evolutionary changes or does not. Belief in purpose and meaning for existence enhances man’s potential for creativity. It does not spend precious time wallowing in the mire of selfish despair.
Nothing negates an atheist’s joi de vivre like ridicule or psychoanalysis of believers in religion.
I agree.
To get to the point with steadiness I believe I need to write perhaps 3-5 books for each premise to get the point across.
Making noises in not equivalent to presenting any justified counters. I noted the points raised by Phyllo and Karpel but they are very flimsy. I would definitely welcome counter arguments [good for me and philosophy as a whole] that are solid and rigorous.
In my argument all the premises are deductive and follow to 4, the brain creates religion which produce soothing juices to relieve the existential brain pains.
There are lots of research on the relation between various religions and the production soothing juices in the brain, e.g.
I suggest you do your own research [just google] on the above subject.
I have spent a lot of time doing proper research on the subjects I participate in and I am a very voracious and responsible knowledge seeker.
Why should I research a fable about what brains do?
Is the potential to suffer existential pains proof that everyone experiences them? If not this is a special case about which universals cannot be claimed.
What majority? This has not been proved. Are there some who do not suffer in this way and yet their brains produce feel good juices for various reasons?
Not all seek solutions to something as complex psychologically as existential angst.
If the brain can create both God and no God as religious solutions to the problem ,it has little to do with creating religion except in the special case as noted above.
Your theology is akin to Milton’s who claimed God allowed us to be sinful in order to give us a redeemer–all part of a cosmic salvation plan based on felix culpa. So, apparently our brains are constructed in such a way that their chemical activities can be seen as giving theistic solutions to existential problems.
Looking at the brain with its neurons, neurotransmitters and endocrines, it seems almost comical to suggest that Some God has emerged from the hardwire and software interplay of mental/chemical activities. Nice fable, but no real proof. A good atheist will not accept your spurious proofs from googled ideas.
As one critic neatly put it, there is nearly a 100%correlation between storks and babies arriving at the same time in Stockholm. So beware of the ramifications of supposed correlations such as between neurochemical activity and psychologized theology.
Fable??
I gave you links to scientific evidence and it is not practical to provide you every thing there is on this research. I know there are lots of research going on re this topic thus my suggestion you research on it to establish its truth.
The potential is a universal one because it is embedded in the human DNA.
That the majority of humans are religious i.e. 6+ billions out of 7 indicate they had to rely on religion’s soothing juices to relieve those existential pains [majority subliminal and otherwise].
Note my point above re majority.
As I had stated the brain has an independent function that produce feel good juices for various reasons, i.e. sex, food, security, existential, etc. Religion is related to the existential reason.
The potential of the existential angst is universal and it is active in the majority of humans. The majority of these tend towards religions while others resort to secular work, etc. and many turn to various drugs, hallucinogens and this is why there is an abuse of opioids to relieve the brain pains which cannot be pin pointed precisely.
The brain creates God and the related feel good juices to relieve the existential angst. The brain do not create a no-God state but rather it is just indifferent to a God-solution. Those who are indifferent to a God idea turn to other means as stated above to relieve their mental pains.
The point is there is no pre-existing real God waiting out there for humans to believe and cling to it.
The real thing is humans invent the idea of God to relieve their inherent and unavoidable psychological pains.
Note it is very common for people with mental discomforts to invent imaginary beings to relieve the discomfort [children imaginary friends] or promote pleasure [sexual fantasies in the mind] and also cling to various beliefs and ideologies.
Note your alternative, i.e. God exists as a real being out there and for a majority, God is a being who can promise them eternal life in Paradise and for some with a bonus of virgins thrown in. From there the claims for God get more and more ridiculous, irrational and absurd.
Top it all no one has been able to prove God exists convincingly since the idea of God emerged.
As I have shown with proofs and evidences the idea of God was conjured to trigger soothing juices to relieve the inherent existential pains.
Angst causes feel good juices. Feel good juices cause religions. There is nothing to connect these two as cause and effect. You have presented no real proof that these conditions rely on each other in these singular ways. How do the studies you’ve presented as research fare before scientific peer scrutiny? Have you read any counter arguments to the ones you’ve pieced together? They appear to be a random collection of pseudoscientific assumptions with about as much authority as National Enquirer articles.
You have no idea about what my alternative is so why state it amounts to the tripe you suggest. My beliefs are not on trial here.
